This course offers an in-depth introduction to the principles, components, and operation of optical fiber communication systems, addressing both component-level and system-level perspectives. It covers the physical properties of optical fibers and the mechanisms of Lightwave propagation, including linear and nonlinear effects. Students will study optical sources, modulation techniques, modulators, optical amplifiers, and photodetectors. The course also focuses on optical fiber transmission system design, performance analysis, and evaluation methods. Further topics include the architecture of fiber optic communication networks, optical switching, multiplexing techniques, and passive optical networks (PON). Special attention is given to emerging technologies, innovative applications, and anticipated future developments in optical communications. By the end, participants will gain a solid understanding of how modern fiber optic systems are designed, implemented, and optimized to meet the increasing demands of high-speed, high-capacity communication.